Flowing - Sagging

Description :

Surface defect occuring on points where paint film is thick on inclined or vertical surfaces.

Causes :

1. Improper adjustment of paint viscosity.
2. Excessive thick application, holding paint gun too close to the surface, keeping air pressure too low.
3. Extremely low air and surface temperature.
4. Using wrong or poor quality thinners.

Prevention Methods :

1. Make the adjustments of paint gun correctly and apply correct spray techniques.
2. Only use the recommended thinners.
3. Correctly adjust the application viscosity of the paint.
4. Make sure that applied environment, paint equipment and surface temperature are proper.

Rectification :
Flowings and saggings are reduced to general film thickness of the paint by sanding and paste polish is applied. In advanced levels, repainting is carried out after sanding.

Bronze Effect

Description :

This surface defect occurs in some paints containing blue, purple and black pigments. It occurs as a metalic-looking lustre with a color different from the paint on surface formed by a pigment layer with low adherence.

Causes :

1. Formation of bronze effect on some binders by some pigments.
2. Addition of excessive or redundant pigments, pastes or colorants to the paint.

Prevention Methods :

1. Please use the pigment pastes from recommended products at ecommended rates.

Rectification :

1. Polishing is performed by using fine-grained paste gropingly and bronze effect is removed. Then, paste polishing is performed by use of a machine and the surface can be polished again.
2. Advanced level defective surfaces are entirely flatted with wet sandpaper and application is re-performed.

Wrinkling

Description :

Surface defect that occurs as a result of the resolving of primer or filler by finishing paint.

Causes :

Application of slow drying, aggressive solvents containing paints on primers and fillers with low chemical resistance, easily dissolving and inadequate elasticity.

Prevention Methods :

Matching materials should be used or transfer primers should be applied after sensitive fillers or primers.

Rectification :

Defective surface should be sanded thoroughly and finishing paint should be re-applied after the application of transfer primer.

Cracking

Description :

Formation of random cracks with different depths and sizes on the surface. While some cracks can go down to the substrate, some of them appear only on the finishing coat.

Causes :

1. Excessive moisture or temperature differences on the applied surface. (expansion or shrinkage)
2. Application of bicomponent finishing coats on one-component primers or fillers.
3. Dissolution of pores forming with the use of excessively rough sandpapers on fillers or primers, as a result of the penetration of solvents on the finishing paint.
4. Failure to thin the paint homogenously or thoroughly as a result of poor quality or wrong thinner application.
5. Oil or water merging into compressor air.

Prevention Methods :

1. Surface preparation should not be performed with excessively rough sandpapers.
2. Primer should not be applied before isolating the profiles of MDF primers.
3. Only recommended thinners should be used and the paint should be mixed thoroughly before application.
4. Drier should be used definitely in air compressor.

Rectification :

Paint should be entirely drawn away from the surface and re-application should be performed.

Efflorescence – Frosting - Mottling

Description :

A white, salt-like substance on the paint surface.

Causes :

Concentration of air moisture on wet paint because of the following reasons and its retention by the paint;

1. Excessively high compressor air pressure or incorrect adjustment of spray gun.
2. Application in cold, rainy or damp weathers.
3. Application in callow places, with no proper heating and/or without proper ventilation.
4. Application of extra fast or poor quality thinners.
5. Applying compressed air coming from the compressor with no drier, on wet paint to accelerate solvent outlet.

Prevention Methods :

1. Only use the recommended thinners.
2. Do not apply, if possible, particularly air-drying paints on rainy or excessively damp weathers. If application is necessary, add special slow thinner or little retarder.
3. Make sure that the solvent outlet from wet paint happens naturally.
4. To minimize the chilling effect of compressed air, reduce compressor air pressure.
5. Properly heat the application environment and provide proper air flow.

Rectification :

• Little frostings can be removed by paste polishing after the hard drying of paint film or by by spraying little special slow thinner to the frosting area.
• If frosting is immense, the surface should be sanded to the substrate, ambient temperature should be increased by 5°C artırılmalı and re-application should be performed by using proper thinner (special slow thinner addition).
• Frostings that occur on colorful finishing coats can be a sign of frosting on primer or filler. This state that is not realized, as flatting occurs on fillers and primers after sanding can create problems in adhesion of finishing coats. In this case, you should go down to the substrate and start the application from the beginning.

Delamination

Description :

A surface defect occuring as laminated and brittle peeling of the paint from the surface.

Causes :

Adhesion problem occurs between coats or between paint and surface because of the following reasons:

1. Extreme coldness or heat of the surface during application.
2. Extremely thich application of paint.
3. Contaminations like wax, oil, soap residue or dust on primer or filler.
4. Not selecting a paint suitable to the type of the applied surface.
5. Using wrong or poor quality thinner.

Prevention Methods :

1. Make sure that the surface is at proper temperature during application and flash-off.
2. Make sure that the applied surface is cleaned thoroughly and mopped with a dry cloth.
3. Make sure to select a paint suitable to applied surface.
4. Make sure to use matching and particularly same brand products in all coats.
5. Use recommended thinners and apply as fine coats.

Rectification :

The peeling paint is kept away from the surface and after making proper surface preparation, re-application is carried out.

Fingerprint Stains

Description :

Occurence of clear fingerprint stains after finishing paint application.

Causes :

1. No matter how clean the hands may seem, they contain an amount of oil and moisutre and this oil and moisture is transferred to surface in contact. Tone difference or even blistering can be seen in application on these areas.

Prevention Methods :

1. Surfaced to be painted should be contacted with cotton gloves.

Rectification :

Drawn away from the surface by finishing paint or varnish. Surface is thoroughly cleaned by a solvent and mopped with a dry cloth. Re-application is performed.

Streaking – Corn Tassel

Description :

A surface defect occuring as an appearance like corn tassel on surface as a result of the disintegration of the paint coming out of the paint gun or flowing non-atomized into films and breaking of these films while falling to the surface.

Causes :

1. Application of cold-viscous paint.
2. Wrong air pressure or improper paint viscosity.
3. Wrong or poor quality thinner application.

Prevention Methods :

1. Make sure that compressor air pressure is correctly adjusted.
2. Make sure that paint viscosity is adjusted well in application.
3. Use only recommended thinners.

Rectification :

Defective paint should be kept away from the surface and re-application should be performed after reducing air pressure and paint viscosity.

Blistering - Bubbling

Description :

A surface defect occuring as blisters and bubbles with different sizes and densities on paint surface. Seen more clearly on colorful finishing paints. Can vary from 0,5mm to 1,5 mm.

Causes :

Contaminations occuring as a result of the following reasons can lead to this surface defect:

1. Incompatible materials or wrong thinner application.
2. Film permeability caused by inadequate film thickness.
3. Inadequate surface cleaning. Can be caused by moisture or oil, industrial chemicals or dirts transmitted from hand.
4. Exposure of old or hard drying paint film to water.

Prevention Methods :

1. Use quality materials.
2. Make sure that storage conditions of the painted surfaces are proper and surface to be painted is thoroughly cleaned before application.
3. Make sure not to expose painted surfaces to moisture or excessive temperature differences before drying hard.
4. Apply correct application techniques.

Rectification :

Blistering surface should be sanded to the substrate and re-application should be perfomed.

Boiling

Description :

Type of surface defect sometimes going down to the substrate of the paint. Pinhead pores with generally under 1mm diameter size occur on surface.

Causes :

1. Excessive heat of the applied surface.
2. Improper ventilation of the applied environment.
3. Excessive heat of the applied environment.
4. Wrong or poor quality thinner application.

Prevention Methods :

1. Apply in properly ventilated, maximum 25°C environments.
2. Use only the recommended thinners.
3. Add retarder or special slow thinner in hot weathers.

Rectification :

Boiling paint is drawn away completely from the surface and the surface is re-coated.

Deteriorated Paint Film On Sides and Edges

Description :

A surface defect occuring as inadequate film thickness on sides and edges, color tone differences and sometimes crack-like images.

Causes :

1. Application in extremely cold environments.
2. Not leaving enough dry time between coats.
3. Using excessive thinner or poor quality thinner.
4. Usage of rough sandpaper in the sanding of fillers of primers or extreme thinning and complete deletion of paint film on sides and edges because of over-sanding.

Prevention Methods :

1. Adjust well the temperature of the applied environment.
2. Leave proper flash-off time between coats.
3. Use recommended thinner at recommended rate.
4. Sand sides and edges using fine-grained sandpaper.

Rectification :

Film thickness on surface should be levelled with sides and edges with 1000 number sandpaper and re-application should be performed as fine coats.

Viscosity - Gelling

Description :

Viscosity of the paint inside the package.

Causes :

1. Loss of solvent.
2. Oxidation or polymerizaiton.

Prevention Methods :

1. Do not let air into package.
2. Keep packages in cool places.

Rectification :

Viscous paints can generally be provided re-usable by adding high quality thinner.

Contamination

Description :

A surface defect occuring as spots, freckle-like deposits, color distortion or stains and forming rough surfaces.

Causes :

Listed below are foreign substances or contaminations sticking to surfaces or mixed with paint:

1. Metal powders.
2. Salt.
3. Cement or other chemical active powders.

Prevention Methods :

1. Paint should be filtered thoroughly before application, paint filter should be definitely used in paint gun.
2. Paint booth or paint shop should definitely be kept under positive pressure and frehs air inlet should be provided by filters.
3. Surface cleaning should be done well.

Rectification :

Surface can be cleaned with sensitive detergents and cleaners. Surface can be adjusted by fine-grained sandpaper and paste polishing can be performed. In advanced defects, re-application is carried out after sanding.

Blind Finishing Coat, Loss of Gloss, Fading

Description :

Plain and well-spread paint film not reaching the desired gloss.

Causes :

Microscobic roughnesses on surface caused by the following:

1. Wrong or poor quality thinner application, incompatible additives in paint.
2. Solvent vapor harming the surface.
3. Contaminations on surface because of factors like oil, water, wax.
4. Absorption of finishing paint by primer or filler or finishing paint application on primer or filler that has not finished its hard drying.
5. Wrong preparation of paint or wrong application.
6. Wiping the paint surface with detergent or cleaners.

Prevention Methods :

1. Make sure to thoroughly stir the paint before application and to apply with the proper method.
2. Ensure a warm and dry drying environment.
3. Make sure that air flow speed is adjusted well in drying environment.
4. Use recommended fillers and primers, make sure they are dried thoroughly before finishing coat.
5. Use only recommended thinner and additives.
6. Wipe fillers and primers with solvent before sanding and immediately mop with a dry cloth.
7. Do not use aggressive detergents and cleaners.

                                                                                                                             
Rectification :

Surface can be polished again by paste polishing.

Crater Opening – Fish Eyes

Description :

A surface defect occuring as craters up to 1 cm diameter on paint surface. Also called as fish eye. While big craters form separately and individually, smallar ones can form adjacentyl and in the form of a bouquet. Generally, small fragments occur in the middle of craters.

Causes :

Surface tension differences on paint surface caused by the following reasons:

1. Oil, water, wax coming from paint gun, conditioner or other sources.
2. Silicone existence on the painted surface or environment.
3. Incompatible materials on the primer or filler.

Prevention Methods :

1. Do not paste polish in paint application environments, do not keep paste polish materials, do not use perfume-deodorants and make sure to properly ventilate the environment constantly.
2. Completely remove dust from sanded surfaces. Keep dust away from the surface by solvent cloth, mop with a dry cloth without waiting solvent to dry on the surface.

Rectification :

Paint should be removed completely from surface, after preparing the environment and surface satisfying the above conditions, add anti-silicone additive if necessary and re-apply.

Paste – Polish Stain

Description :

Micro drains or abrasion stains generally occuring as circular or plain.

Causes :

1. Operating paste-polish machine with high pressure and speed.
2. Paste-polishing before hard drying of paint.
3. Using excessive coarse or ammoniac containing paste-polish materials.
4. Using dirty or improper, rough polish cloth.

Prevention Methods :

1. Paste-Polish machine should be operated at minimum pressures and speeds.  
2. Paste-polishing should not be performed before the completion of hard drying of paint film.
3. Paste-polish materials with proper particle size should be used.
4. The cloth should be soft and clean.

Rectification :

Competion of the hard drying of paint should be provided (min. 48 hours), surface should be flatted and adjusted with fine-grained sandpaper and paste-polishing should be performed again. Advanced defective surfaces should be re-painted after sanding.

Orange Peeling Effect

Description :

A surface defect occuring as a film looking similar to orange peel after drying because of the failure of paint to spread properly. 

Causes :

Happens as a result of surface agglomeration of paint grains as a consequence of the following:

1. Extremely thick or thin application.
2. Not adjusting surface or environmental temperature well.
3. Not adjusting compressor air pressure correctly, improper paint gun nozzle diameter, keeping gun too much away from the surface during application.  
4. Not leaving required drying time between coats, spraying dry air to surface to provide quick drying.
5. Not adjusting paint viscosity well, wrong or poor quality thinner application.

Prevention Methods :

1. Leave adequate drying time between coats.
2. Make sure to correctly adjust application equipments and use correct application methods.
3. Apply at proper temperature and in places where proper air flow is ensured.
4. Use only recommended thinners.
5. Apply the paint as fine and plain coats.
6. Use little retarder or anti-silicone additive if required.

Rectification :

Flat the surface with 1000 number sandpaper, paste-polish. Re-apply after sanding in Flat-Silk Flat paints and varnishes.

Color Deviation

Description :

A surface defect occuring, when separately painted modular system panels are placed side by side and create a difference.

Causes :

1. Exposure of some or all of the parts to external conditions or to sunlight.
2. Applying different paints or different parties of the same paint.
3. Metameric fault. (Different visibility of colors in different lights)
4. Wrong color selection.
5. Inadequate stirring of paint before application.
6. Wrong application.

Prevention Methods :

1. Use only recommended products.
2. Pay heed to the ambient conditions where surfaces are kept before and after application.
3. Make color comparisons by making test applications in small parts firstly.
4. Use recommended coloring systems.
5. Ensure the complete drying of the paint.

Rectification :

Surface is sanded and re-painted with the correct colored paint.

Chalking

Description :

A surface defect occuring as chalky efflorescence particularly in painted surfaces exposed to external conditions.

Causes :

1. Binder degradation.
2. Pigment degradation.
3. Defective or incompatible substances in paint.

Prevention Methods :

1. If the surface is not painted with a paint resistant to external conditions, do not expose to external conditions and especially direct sunlight for long terms.
2. Use only recommended products..

Rectification :

Paste-polish can be performed after wet sanding. In advanced defective surfaces, re-application should be done after sanding.

Dirt Pickup

Description:

A surface defect occuring as the unability of paint to form adequate wet films and having a textured look and low gloss.

Causes :

1. Not making the correct adjustment of paint gun, application by keeping the gun away from the surface, very high compressor air pressure.
2. Application in environments with extreme air flow.
3. Very high paint viscosity, wrong or poor quality thinner application.

Prevention Methods :

1. Make sure the channels of paint gun are clean, minimize compressor air pressure.
2. Make sure to correctly adjust paint viscosity.
3. Apply in paint booths or paint shops where air flow is correctly adjusted.
4. Use recommended thinner at recommended rate.

Rectification :

Adjust the surface with 1000 number sandpaper and paste-polish. In advanced situations, re-apply after sanding.

Slow Drying

Description :

Extremely slow drying of paint film or its failure to achieve complete hardness.

Causes :

Extremely slow distancing of solvents from paint film because of the following reasons:

1. Application in extremely cold, damp places or places where proper air flow is not provided.
2. Not leaving adequate drying time between coats.
3. Extremely thick application and excessive agglomeration.
4. Using inadequate, wrong or poor quality thinners.

Prevention Methods :

1. Provide adequate heating and ventilation in application environment.
2. Apply the paint as fine coats.
3. Leave adeqaute drying time between coats.
4. Use only recommended thinners at recommended rates.

Rectification :

Painted surface can be transferred to warm and properly ventilated environment. It should be provided not boil or crack.

Inadequate Bridging

Description :

Cracking of paint film on sharp edges (masking band, joints or drains). Occurs as thinning of paint film in narrow angled areas and as parting from the surface without cracking.

Causes :

1. Excessive material agglomeration in the above-mentioned areas.
2. Weak paint adherence in these areas because of inadequate sanding of joints and bands.

Prevention Methods :

1. Do detailed sanding in the above-mentioned areas.
2. Prevent excessive material aggloremation from the edges and joints.
3. Apply in fine coats.
4. Leave adequate drying time between coats.

Rectification :

Paint is removed completely from the defective surface. By leaving adequate drying time between coats, re-coating is done in fine coats.

Sand Stain

Description :

Clear occurence of sand scratches under finishing paint.

Causes :

Finishing paint shrinks and crinkles to a certain extent during drying. During this period, paint sinks in all micro channels on the surface forming because of the following:

1. Inadequate film thickness or extremely slow drying.
2. Coarse-toothed sandpaper application on primer or filler.
3. Application of paint at wrong viscosity.
4. Wrong of poor quality thinner application.

Prevention Methods :

1. Make sure the primer or filler completely dries before sanding.
2. Use fine-toothed sandpaper in final sanding of primer or filler. Make the surface preparation respectively by 220 – 400 – 600 (1000 if gloss paint is to be applied) numbered papers if possible. Make sure the sandpapers are clean. Periodically change sandpapers.
3. Make sure finishing paint is applied at correct viscosity.
4. Make sure drying environment is proper.
5. Use only recommended thinner at recommended rate.

Rectification :

If scratches are small, adjust the surface with 1000 number sandpaper and paste-polish. In deep scratches, sand until the scratches are removed completely and apply finishing paint again.